Raydemarkite

Chemical formula: Mo⁶⁺O₃·H₂O

Raydemarkite is a hydrated molybdenum oxide, forming microscopic, colorless to white crystals with a bladed or acicular habit.

## Characteristics Raydemarkite is a hydrated molybdenum oxide, occurring as very small, colorless to white or pale yellow crystals. It typically forms bladed, acicular, or fibrous aggregates, and individual crystals rarely exceed 0.5 mm in length. Due to its size, its visual features are difficult to observe without a microscope. ## Physical Properties Raydemarkite crystals are characterized by a vitreous to pearly luster. They are transparent to translucent. The hardness of the mineral has not been precisely determined, but it is very soft and brittle. The calculated density is approximately 3.65 g/cm³. ## History and Name The mineral was named in honor of Robert "Ray" DeMark (born 1946), an American mineral collector specializing in New Mexico minerals, who first found this mineral. It was approved by the IMA in 2016, and its description was published in 2018. The type locality is the Freedom No. 2 uranium mine in San Juan County, New Mexico, USA. ## Uses Raydemarkite has no industrial application. It is of scientific and collector interest only, being a rare specimen for specialized collectors of secondary minerals.

Properties

Mohs hardness
1.5-0
Color
Colorless
Luster
Vitreous to Pearly
Streak
White
Density
3.44
Cleavage
{100} and {001}.
Fracture
Micaceous
Transparency
Transparent
Crystal system
Triclinic

Diagnostic features

## Identification Field identification of raydemarkite is practically impossible without specialized equipment. In a collection, it is identified based on its characteristic appearance – fine, bladed or acicular crystals with a pearly luster, gathered in small aggregates. Association with the locality (uranium-molybdenum mines) and accompanying minerals is key. Definitive identification requires advanced analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Raman spectroscopy. ## Distinguishing from similar minerals Raydemarkite can be confused with other secondary molybdates, such as molybdite (MoO₃) or szenicsite (MoO₃·0.5H₂O). Molybdite is anhydrous and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, while raydemarkite is monoclinic and hydrated. Szenicsite has a different water content. Visually, it may also resemble gypsum, but it occurs in a completely different geological environment. Certain differentiation is only possible through laboratory analysis. ## Crystal forms Crystals are elongated and flattened, forming bladed or acicular shapes. They often occur as radial or tangled aggregates, as well as coatings and efflorescences on the host rock.

Geological environment

## Genesis Raydemarkite is a secondary mineral, forming in the oxidation zones of molybdenum deposits, often in association with uranium deposits. It forms as a result of weathering and oxidation of primary molybdenum sulfides, such as molybdenite, under low-temperature conditions and the presence of water. ## Mineral associations At the type locality (Freedom No. 2 mine), raydemarkite co-occurs with jordisite, calcite, quartz, gypsum, uraninite, as well as other secondary molybdates like szenicsite and calcurmolite. ## Localities The only confirmed and described locality for raydemarkite in the world is its type locality: the Freedom No. 2 uranium mine, Red Canyon District, San Juan County, New Mexico, USA.

Rarity

Extremely rare

For collectors

## Quality criteria The quality of a raydemarkite specimen primarily depends on the richness and aesthetics of the crystal aggregates. Most valued are specimens with clearly visible, well-formed, though still microscopic, crystals forming visually attractive groups on a small fragment of the host rock. Color contrast with the matrix also enhances aesthetic value. Due to its microscopic nature, specimens are evaluated mainly under magnification. ## Popular localities The only source of raydemarkite specimens is its type locality in New Mexico, USA. All specimens available on the collector's market originate from this single mine.

Care and storage

## Cleaning Raydemarkite specimens are extremely delicate and brittle. Any mechanical cleaning, including the use of brushes, should be avoided. If cleaning is absolutely necessary, compressed air can be carefully used from a safe distance to remove loose dust. Contact with water may potentially alter its structure. ## What to avoid Contact with water, chemicals, ultrasound, and sudden temperature changes must be strictly avoided. The mineral is very soft and sensitive to any shocks and abrasions. It should not be exposed to direct sunlight. ## Storage Specimens should be stored under stable conditions, preferably in sealed, padded "micromount" boxes, to protect them from mechanical damage, dust, and moisture. Due to its brittleness, any manipulation of the specimen requires utmost caution.

External references

Sources

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