Pahasapaite

Chemical formula: Li₈(Ca,Li,K)₁₀.₅Be₂₄(PO₄)₂₄·38H₂O

Pahasaapaite is a very rare, hydrated lithium calcium beryllophosphate, forming tiny, vitreous crystals in the isometric system.

## Characteristics Pahasaapaite is an extremely rare mineral from the phosphate group. It occurs as very small, isometric crystals, rarely exceeding 0.5 mm in size. It most often forms single, well-formed cubes or octahedra, as well as their combinations. Crystals are usually colorless or white and are characterized by a vitreous luster. ## Physical Properties This mineral is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 3. It has a low density, approximately 2.24 g/cm³. It is transparent to translucent. It does not exhibit cleavage, and its fracture is conchoidal. It has a white streak. ## History and Name The name "pahasaapaite" comes from the Lakota (Sioux) word "Pahasapa," meaning "Black Hills" in South Dakota, where the mineral was discovered. It was described in 1987 by Willard L. Roberts, Thomas J. Campbell, and Robert W. Houston. ## Uses Due to its extreme rarity and microscopic crystal size, pahasaapaite has no industrial applications. It is solely an object of scientific interest and a valuable acquisition for specialized collectors of rare minerals (so-called "micromounts").

Properties

Mohs hardness
4.5
Color
Colourless, light pink, yellow
Luster
Vitreous
Streak
White
Density
2.28
Cleavage
None
Fracture
Irregular/Uneven
Transparency
Transparent
Crystal system
Isometric

Diagnostic features

## Identification Identifying pahasaapaite requires specialized equipment. Identification is based on the analysis of crystallographic form (small, isometric crystals), associated minerals, and confirmation of chemical composition using analytical methods such as EDS or XRD. Visually, it is practically impossible to distinguish from other colorless, microscopic minerals. ## Distinguishing from Similar Minerals It can be confused with other microscopic, colorless phosphate minerals found in pegmatites, such as wardite, montgomeryite, or childrenite. Definitive differentiation is only possible based on crystallographic and chemical analysis, as pahasaapaite crystallizes in the isometric system, which is rare in this group. ## Crystal Forms It forms very small, isometric crystals, mainly in the form of cubes and octahedra, as well as their combinations. Crystals are usually single and well-formed, rarely forming larger aggregates.

Geological environment

## Genesis Pahasaapaite is a hydrothermal mineral, crystallizing in the late stage of the evolution of complex granitic pegmatites. It forms in vugs and fractures as a result of alterations of earlier phosphate minerals. ## Mineral Associations It co-occurs with other rare phosphate minerals such as tiptopite, montgomeryite, wardite, roscherite, as well as with quartz, microcline, and muscovite. ## Localities The only confirmed locality of pahasaapaite in the world is its type locality – the Tip Top Mine near Custer, Custer County, South Dakota (USA).

Rarity

Extremely rare

For collectors

## Quality Criteria The quality of a pahasaapaite specimen is assessed based on the size and perfection of crystal development, although they are always microscopic. The most prized are sharp, vitreous, transparent cubes or octahedra, clearly standing out from the rock matrix. The aesthetics of the entire sample and the presence of other rare associated minerals are also important. ## Popular Localities The only source of specimens is the Tip Top Mine in South Dakota, USA. All pahasaapaite available on the collector's market originates from this single locality.

Care and storage

## Cleaning Specimens should only be cleaned with compressed air to remove dust. Due to the microscopic size of the crystals and their delicacy, any form of mechanical or chemical cleaning, including with water, is discouraged. ## What to Avoid Avoid contact with chemicals, acids, and detergents. The mineral is sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, which can lead to its dehydration and damage. It should not be heated or exposed to ultrasound. ## Storage Pahasaapaite specimens, which are usually micromounts, should be stored under stable conditions, in closed, padded boxes that protect against dust, shocks, and sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

External references

Sources

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