Hexahydroborite

Chemical formula: Ca[B(OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O

Hexahydroborite is a rare, colorless or white calcium borate, forming small, acicular crystals in borate deposits.

## Characteristics Hexahydroborite is a hydrated calcium borate, usually occurring as colorless or white, fine crystals. It forms acicular, radial, or fibrous aggregates. Individual crystals are often too small to be seen with the naked eye, and the bulk material has a chalky or earthy appearance. It is a secondary mineral, formed under specific geochemical conditions. ## Physical Properties Hexahydroborite crystals exhibit a vitreous to pearly luster on cleavage surfaces. The mineral is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of approximately 2.5. It is transparent to translucent. Due to its microcrystalline nature, these properties are often difficult to observe in typical, earthy specimens. ## Colors and Varieties This mineral is typically colorless or white. No colored varieties or trade names have been described. ## History and Name The name hexahydroborite refers to its chemical composition, indicating the presence of six hydroxyl groups (although the chemical formula Ca[B(OH)₄]₂·2H₂O shows eight OH groups in borate anions and two molecules of crystallization water). It was first described in 1964 by Aleksandr Vasilyevich Shubnikov and co-workers based on material from Kazakhstan. ## Uses Due to its rarity and small crystal size, hexahydroborite has no industrial applications. It is solely an object of interest for collectors specializing in rare minerals and scientists studying borate deposits.

Properties

Mohs hardness
2.5
Luster
Vitreous, Pearly
Streak
White
Density
1.88
Cleavage
Perfect on {010}, good on {100}
Fracture
Uneven
Transparency
Transparent to translucent
Crystal system
Monoclinic

Diagnostic features

## Identification Hexahydroborite is difficult to identify visually. It usually forms white, earthy, or chalky coatings and aggregates. Small, acicular crystals visible under magnification can be a clue. Solubility in water and acids is a characteristic feature. Definitive identification requires advanced analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD). ## Distinguishing from Similar Minerals It can be confused with other secondary borates, such as colemanite, ulexite, or hydroboracite, which often co-occur in the same environment. Distinguishing them based on visual characteristics is practically impossible and requires chemical or crystallographic analysis. ## Crystal Forms It forms small, elongated, acicular crystals with a rectangular cross-section. These crystals often combine into radial or fibrous aggregates, as well as spherulitic clusters.

Geological environment

## Genesis Hexahydroborite is a secondary mineral, formed as a result of weathering or alteration processes of other borate minerals in the oxidation zones of boron deposits. It forms under low-temperature conditions in an environment rich in calcium and boron, typical of evaporites (salt deposits). ## Mineral Associations It most commonly co-occurs with other borate minerals, such as hydroboracite, colemanite, inyoite, inderborite, as well as gypsum and calcite. ## Localities The most important and best-documented occurrences of this mineral are in Kazakhstan, in the Atyrau region (Inder B-Mo-Sr deposit). It has also been described from other localities worldwide where borate deposits occur, including Death Valley in California (USA) and Turkey.

Rarity

Rare

For collectors

## Quality Criteria For collectors, the most valuable specimens are those with well-formed crystals visible under magnification, forming aesthetic, radial aggregates. Due to the rarity of the mineral, any well-documented specimen, even in the form of microcrystals, has collector's value. A contrasting matrix or association with other rare borates increases the attractiveness of the specimen.

Care and storage

## Cleaning Specimens should only be dry-cleaned, using a soft brush to remove dust. Contact with water, especially warm water, can lead to dissolution or damage to the mineral. ## What to Avoid Avoid all contact with water and other liquids. The mineral is sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature. It should not be heated or exposed to acids, which decompose it. Due to its low hardness, it is very susceptible to mechanical damage. ## Storage It is recommended to store specimens in sealed, dry containers (e.g., "membrane box" type or in boxes with a desiccant). They should be protected from dust, moisture, and mechanical damage.

External references

Sources

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