Cadsulfohite

Chemical formula: Cd₂(S⁶⁺O₄)(OH)₂

Cadsulfohite is a very rare, secondary cadmium sulfate, forming microscopic, colorless crystals, found so far in only one location worldwide.

## Characteristics Cadsulfohite is a hydrated cadmium sulfate. It occurs as very small, bladed or acicular crystals, rarely exceeding 0.2 mm in length. The crystals are colorless and transparent, with a strong, vitreous to adamantine luster. Due to its extreme rarity and microscopic size, it is a mineral known almost exclusively to specialists and advanced micromount collectors. ## Physical Properties The crystals exhibit a vitreous to adamantine luster and are transparent. Hardness and density have not been precisely measured due to the small size of the samples; however, the density calculated based on the formula and unit cell parameters is approximately 5.25 g/cm³. ## Colors and Varieties This mineral is colorless. No varieties are distinguished. ## History and Name The name cadsulfohite refers to its chemical composition: cadmium, sulfate, and the hydroxyl group. It was approved as a new mineral by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 2021 (IMA2021-008). Its discovery was made on historical samples from the Tsumeb mine in Namibia. ## Uses Cadsulfohite has no industrial applications. Its significance is purely scientific and collectible, as a unique representative of cadmium sulfates.

Properties

Luster
Vitreous to adamantine
Streak
White
Density
5.25
Transparency
Transparent
Crystal system
Monoclinic

Diagnostic features

## Identification Identification of cadsulfohite is possible only through advanced analytical methods, such as Raman spectroscopy or electron microprobe chemical analysis (EDS/WDS). Visual identification in the field or even in a collection is impossible due to its microscopic size and lack of characteristic macroscopic features. ## Differentiation from Similar Minerals It can be confused with other secondary, colorless sulfates or oxide minerals found in the oxidation zones of ore deposits, such as gypsum, anglesite, or hemimorphite. Differentiation requires specialized analytical equipment. ## Crystal Forms It forms elongated, bladed or acicular crystals, often gathered in small, radial or chaotic aggregates. The crystals are too small to observe their structural details with the naked eye.

Geological environment

## Genesis Cadsulfohite is a secondary mineral, formed in the oxidation zone (gossan) of polymetallic hydrothermal deposits rich in cadmium sulfides (like greenockite) and zinc (sphalerite). It forms under low-temperature conditions as a result of the weathering of primary ores. ## Mineral Associations At the only known locality (Tsumeb), it co-occurs with other rare secondary minerals, such as greenockite, otavite, sphalerite, tennantite, galena, anglesite, and gypsum. ## Localities The only confirmed occurrence of cadsulfohite in the world is the Tsumeb mine (Ongopolo Mine) in the Oshikoto Region, Namibia. This is the so-called type locality for this mineral.

Rarity

Extremely rare

For collectors

## Quality Criteria Due to its extreme rarity, every analytically confirmed cadsulfohite specimen is valuable. Microscopic specimens with well-formed, isolated crystals set on a contrasting rock matrix are most highly valued. The size of aggregates and the abundance of occurrence on the sample also increase its value. ## Popular Localities The only source of specimens is historical material from the Tsumeb mine in Namibia. New finds are practically impossible, as the mine is closed and flooded.

Care and storage

## Cleaning Cadsulfohite specimens are extremely delicate and small, so mechanical or chemical cleaning is not recommended. The safest way to remove dust is by using compressed air from a safe distance. ## What to Avoid Avoid contact with water, acids, bases, and all solvents. The crystals are brittle and sensitive to shocks and temperature changes. They should not be heated or exposed to direct sunlight. ## Storage Specimens should be stored exclusively in specialized, sealed "micromount" boxes, protecting them from dust, moisture, and mechanical damage. Display is possible only under a microscope.

External references

Sources

Read more